a) \(A=\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|+2016\)

\(=\left|x-1\right|+\left|2-x\right|+2016\)

Áp dụng bđt \(\left|A\right|+\left|B\right|\ge\left|A+B\right|\) ta có:

\(\left|x-1\right|+\left|2-x\right|\ge\left|x-1+2-x\right|=1\)

=> \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|2-x\right|+2016\ge1+2016=2017\)

Vậy GTNN của A là 2017 khi \(\begin{cases}x-1\ge0\\2-x\ge0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x\le2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow1\le x\le2\)

b) \(B=\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|+\left|x-3\right|\)

Có: \(\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-3\right|=\left|x-1\right|+\left|3-x\right|\ge\left|x-1+3-x\right|=2\) (1)

Ta lại có: \(\left|x-2\right|\ge0\) (2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra: \(B\ge2\)

Vậy GTNN của B là 1 khi \(\begin{cases}x-1\ge0\\3-x\ge0\\x=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x\le3\\x=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}1\le x\le3\\x=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(\left|a\right|+\left|b\right|\ge\left|a+b\right|\):

\(A=\left|x-3\right|+\left|x-1\right|+\left|x+1\right|+\left|x+3\right|\)

\(=\left|3-x\right|+\left|x+3\right|+\left|1-x\right|+\left|x+1\right|\)

\(\ge\left|3-x+x+3\right|+\left|1-x+x+1\right|=8\)

\(minA=8\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(3-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\ge0\\\left(1-x\right)\left(x+1\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow-1\le x\le1\)

Đặt \(x+3=t\ne0\Rightarrow x=t-3\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(t+2\right)\left(t-4\right)}{t^2}=\dfrac{t^2-2t-8}{t^2}=-\dfrac{8}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1=-8\left(\dfrac{1}{t}+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{8}\le\dfrac{9}{8}\)

\(A_{max}=\dfrac{9}{8}\) khi \(t=-8\) hay \(x=-11\)

1. a) Ta có: M  = |x + 15/19| \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 15/19 = 0 <=> x = -15/19

Vậy MinM = 0 <=> x = -15/19

b) Ta có: N = |x  - 4/7| - 1/2 \(\ge\)-1/2 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 4/7 = 0 <=> x = 4/7

Vậy MinN = -1/2 <=> x = 4/7

2a) Ta có: P = -|5/3 - x|  \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 5/3 - x = 0 <=> x = 5/3

Vậy MaxP = 0 <=> x = 5/3

b) Ta có: Q = 9 - |x - 1/10| \(\le\)9 \(\forall\)x

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 1/10 = 0 <=> x = 1/10

Vậy MaxQ = 9 <=> x = 1/10

3a) Ta có:

|x - y - 5| + 2007.(y - 3)²⁰⁰⁴ = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-5=0\\y-3=0\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y+5\\y=3\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=8\\y=3\end{cases}}\)

b) Ta có :

(x + y)²⁰¹⁶ + 2007.|y - 1| = 0

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-y\\y=1\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)

c) (x - 1)² + (y + 3)² = 0

<=>  \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)

Ta có : 

\(A=\left(x-1\right)^4+\left(x-3\right)^4+6\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x-3\right)^2\)

\(A=\left(x-1\right)^4+2\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^4+4\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x-3\right)^2\)

\(A=\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2\right]^2+4\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x-3\right)^2\)

\(A=\left[2x^2-8x+10\right]^2+4\left(x^2-4x+3\right)^2\)

\(A=\left[2\left(x-2\right)^2+2\right]+4\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-1\right]^2\)

\(A=4\left(x-2\right)^4+8\left(x-2\right)^2+4+4\left(x-2\right)^4-8\left(x-2\right)^2+4\)

\(A=8\left(x-2\right)^4+8\ge8\)

Vậy GTNN của biểu thức A là 8 \(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Đặt x-2=y

=> \(A=\left(y+1\right)^4+\left(y-1\right)^4+6\left(y+1\right)^2\left(y-1\right)^2\)

Khai triển A ta được 

\(A=2y^4+12y^2+2+6\left(y^4-2y^2+1\right)\)

\(=8y^4+8=8\left(y^4+1\right)\ge8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi y=0 lúc đó x=0+2=2

Vậy A_min=8 khi x=2

B=\(4x^2-4x+1+x^2+4x+4=5x^2+5\)

                                                  \(=5\left(x^2+1\right)\)

vì\(x^2+1\ge1\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow B\ge5\forall x\)

dấu'=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)

vậy B đạt GTNN =5 khi x=0

Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-3x+5\)

\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{11}{4}\)

\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)

hay \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(A=x^2-3x+5\) là \(\dfrac{11}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(A\)xác định \(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+\left(x^2-y\right)\left(1-y\right)\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+x^2-x^2y-y+y^2\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2y^2+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2y+y\right)\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-y\left(x^2+1\right)\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\)

Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1>0\forall x\\\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\forall y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]>0\forall x;y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\forall x;y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ne0\forall x;y\)